Free Essays on Media And Sentences

The definition of crime and the procedures used to deal with the accused are social and political issues. The public’s knowledge of the our criminal justice system is necessary, as their opinions play an important part of the Criminal Code revision process (Roberts & Doob, 1984). The mass media serves as the core of information for citizens of any designated country. It is therefore safe to assume that the media has a great influence over the opinions formed by their readers or listeners. The public is forced to read or listen to the opinion of a particular mass media group such as the New York Times or ABC News to keep up with current events. The public relies on the media to convey accurate and informed information but don’t anticipate the media to do so at the expense of the citizen’s knowledge. Another factor many people are not aware of is that, â€Å"the mass media function in part as an interest group. Each component of the mass media is a business, and like other businesses, it has a direct interest in various areas of public policy† (Vago, 2003). Companies like these have great influence over the American people and what is published or aired by them undeniably has a great impact. News media plays a pivotal role in the formation and transformation of public attitudes towards crime, criminals and the criminal justice system (Doob & Roberts, 1990), and policy makers. This paper will discuss the mass media’s effect over public opinion of sentencing criminals by examining two studies conducted by Doob and Roberts. The second of the studies, 1990, is actually three consecutive studies summarized in one research presentation. The reason for this was to follow up on questions arising from the previous study and to rule out outside influencing factors and most importantly to ensure replication validity of both the 1984 and the current ongoing research. The research executed by Doob and Roberts was conducted by seeking... Free Essays on Media And Sentences Free Essays on Media And Sentences The definition of crime and the procedures used to deal with the accused are social and political issues. The public’s knowledge of the our criminal justice system is necessary, as their opinions play an important part of the Criminal Code revision process (Roberts & Doob, 1984). The mass media serves as the core of information for citizens of any designated country. It is therefore safe to assume that the media has a great influence over the opinions formed by their readers or listeners. The public is forced to read or listen to the opinion of a particular mass media group such as the New York Times or ABC News to keep up with current events. The public relies on the media to convey accurate and informed information but don’t anticipate the media to do so at the expense of the citizen’s knowledge. Another factor many people are not aware of is that, â€Å"the mass media function in part as an interest group. Each component of the mass media is a business, and like other businesses, it has a direct interest in various areas of public policy† (Vago, 2003). Companies like these have great influence over the American people and what is published or aired by them undeniably has a great impact. News media plays a pivotal role in the formation and transformation of public attitudes towards crime, criminals and the criminal justice system (Doob & Roberts, 1990), and policy makers. This paper will discuss the mass media’s effect over public opinion of sentencing criminals by examining two studies conducted by Doob and Roberts. The second of the studies, 1990, is actually three consecutive studies summarized in one research presentation. The reason for this was to follow up on questions arising from the previous study and to rule out outside influencing factors and most importantly to ensure replication validity of both the 1984 and the current ongoing research. The research executed by Doob and Roberts was conducted by seeking...

Debunking Ring a Ring a Roses

Debunking Ring a Ring a Roses There is a myth that the British children’s rhyme Ring a Ring a Roses is all about the plague- either the Great Plague of 1665-6 or the Black Death centuries earlier- and dates from those eras. The words describe the contemporary practice in treating it, and refer to the fate so many befell. The Truth The earliest known use of the rhyme is the Victorian era, and it almost certainly doesn’t date back to the plague (any of them). While the lyrics can be interpreted as being loosely connected to death and disease prevention, this is believed to be just that, an interpretation given in the mid-twentieth century by overeager commentators, and are not a direct result of plague experience, or anything to do with it. A Children’s Rhyme There are many variations in the words of the rhyme, but a common variant is: Ring a ring a rosesA pocket full of posesAtishoo, AtishooWe all fall down The last line is often followed by the singers, usually children, all falling down to the ground. You can certainly see how that variant sounds like it might be something to do with the plague: the first two lines as references to the bundles of flowers and herbs which people wore to ward away the plague, and the latter two lines referring to illness (sneezing) and then death, leaving the singers dead on the ground. It’s easy to see why a rhyme could be connected to the plague. The most famous of these was the Black Death, when a disease swept across Europe in 1346–53, killing over a third of the population. Most people believe this was the bubonic plague, which causes black lumps over the victim, giving it the name, although there are people who reject this. The plague was spread by the bacteria on fleas on rats and devastated the British Isles as much as continental Europe. Society, economy, and even war was changed by the plague, so why wouldn’t such a massive and horrifying event have ingrained itself into the public consciousness in the form of a rhyme? Robin Hood’s legend is about as old. The rhyme is linked to another outbreak of plague too, the Great Plague of 1665-6, and this is the one which was seemingly stopped in London by the Great Fire burning a huge urban area. Again, there are surviving stories of the fire, so why not a rhyme about the plague? One common variant in the lyrics involves ashes instead of atishoo, and is interpreted as either cremation of corpses or skin blackening from the diseased lumps. However, folklorists and historians now believe that the plague claims date only from the mid-twentieth century, when it became popular to give existing rhymes and sayings older origins. The rhyme began in the Victorian era, the idea it was plague-related began only a few decades ago.  However, so widespread was the rhyme in England, and so deep in children’s consciousness did it lodge, that many adults now connect it to the plague.

Scaling the Height of Patriarchy. Tambu in the Novel Nervous Research Paper

Scaling the Height of Patriarchy. Tambu in the Novel Nervous Conditions Faat Kine in Kine and Marcia in Dancehall Queen - Research Paper Example Women of Africa and the African diaspora have been through many challenges that include biased cultural practices, gender discrimination, sexism, racism, economic dependency, among others. Their problems always seem to stem from the fact that they are women. This research aims at exploring the condition of Women of Africa and the Africa diaspora and address some of the challenges that these women face and how they managed to pull through. The research focuses on three women: Tambu from Zimbabwe in the Novel Nervous Conditions (1988), Faat Kine from Senegal in the film Kine (1999) and Marcia in the film Dancehall Queen (1997). The research traces their lives and challenges that they have gone through as women and how their determination enabled them to overcome these challenges in a male dominated society. I will use literary and historical texts, articles, journals, critical essays, books/book chapters, newspapers, interviews, films, and news reports to show that although women have been oppressed based on their gender, some of them did not relent. Through the exploration of the struggles and achievements of these women, my research will address the growing concern about the role of women in social, political and economic spheres and greatly contribute to the campaign of empowering women.

Solar Energy For Desalination Technologies in Saudi Arabia Essay

Solar Energy For Desalination Technologies in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example Saudi Arabia is a country of paradoxes, not only in its history and culture but even in its natural resources. In its substrata lies the 18 per cent of all the world’s proven oil reserves, the largest anywhere in the world (Revenue Watch Institute, 2011), and because of this the country is assured of a steady stream of petrodollars that has the potential to make it one of the world’s wealthiest economies. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia is situated in one of the world’s most arid regions, with little surface water, very little rainfall, and increasing desertification which is gradual loss of once arable and fertile land to encroaching aridity (TeachMideast, 2011). Thus while it is abundant in the world’s most expensive natural resource, Saudi Arabia is however sorely lacking in that commodity essential to life and plentiful in nearly every other region of the planet – fresh water. Through the years the process of desalination has enabled countries in arid regions to obtain potable water from brackish or seawater. In Saudi Arabia this is being done today on a large scale through oil powered desalination plants. While the use of fossil fuels poses no present concerns for this oil-rich country, government officials, scientists and policy makers are all aware that the supply of oil is not inexhaustible, and eventually shall be depleted. At such time, the country should have been able to build the capability to desalinate water using sustainable sources of energy such as solar radiation, which this desert region has a limitless supply of. Presently, the country is unable to accomplish solar powered desalination on a large scale, and many are pessimistic that this could be done. Statement of the Research Objective: This dissertation aims to explore the viability of harnessing solar energy for the purpose of large-scale desalination of water in Saudi Arabia. Research questions: In order to satisfactorily achieve the research objective, the dissertation shall seek the answers to the following research questions: 1. What is the currently prevailing situation of large-quantity water desalination in Saudi Arabia? 2. What is the rate of water consumption of Saudi Arabia’s population, and what are the chances of a projected shortfall of potable water in the event of the closure of its oil powered desalination plants? 3. How is large-scale solar powered desalination technology described, and what is its feasibility in Saudi Arabia? Q1: Currently prevailing desalination situation An Overview of Desalination Process in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is the world’s largest producer of the desalinated water, accounting for at least 30 per cent of the total world output. The Kingdom has invested nearly $25 billion in the last 80 years developing the technology for desalination, and in building and operating the desalination plants. Presently, ther e are some 30 desalination plants in the country, 27 of which supply drinking water to the principal urban centers and industrial locations via a

Should gay marriages be legalized? Essay -- essays research papers fc

Should same sex marriages be legal?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Same-sex marriages have been very controversial since becoming an issue in Canada regarding the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Several people state that same-sex marriages should be legal, while others disagree, saying it should not be permitted. There have been many debates and inquiries about this issue for several years; the MP’s and Parliament will finally settle the problem within the next year or so. Many are in favour of legalizing same-sex marriages in all of Canada due to the violations and infringes upon the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Problems revolving around same-sex marriages have upset many religious groups. These groups believe that same-sex marriages should not be performed in a church – or at all. Although churches and other places of worship do not approve of same-sex marriages, legalizing same-sex marriages does not breach the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Same-sex marriages should be legalized everywhere in Canada because individuals should be able to express themselves freely without having to feel discriminated against, as stated in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Denying the fundamental liberties and other rights in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is unconstitutional and contravenes what the Charter is expected to maintain. The fundamental rights are what the Charter is based on – the freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication (Section 2b) will be infringed if same-sex marriages are disallowed. Addressing the issue of the fundamental freedoms on same-sex marriages, Prime Minister Paul Martin quoted: The Charter is a living document, the heartbeat of our constitution. It is also a proclamation. It declares that as Canadians, we live under a progressive and inclusive set of fundamental beliefs about the value of the individual. It declares that we all are lessened when any one of us is denied a fundamental right†¦If we do no step forward, then we step back. If we do not protect a right, then we deny it. Canada is governed based on the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Certain parties of the government believe that the government can not and should not pick and choose whose rights they will defend and whose right... ...of another, their right has also been infringed. Then again, religious morals are not valued as they ought to be in society as a whole, its customs, and its laws will change forever from this issue. Change is needed for Canada to adapt to the evolving world, adjusting to changes is beneficial. Legalizing same-sex marriages will lead Canada to being a stronger and a more liberated country. BIBLIOGRAPHY Sullivan, Andrew. Same-sex marriage, pro and con. A Reader. New York: Vintage Books, 2004 Catholic Group says Cardinal Wrong to say Charter of Rights shouldn’t apply to Gays and Lesbians [Online] Available: http://www.equal-marriage.ca/resource.php?id=142 (19 Jan. 2005) Civil Marriage Act [Online] Available: http://canada.justice.gc.ca/en/news/nr/2005/doc_31376.html (1 Feb. 2005) Gay Marriages Timeline [Online] Available: http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/110262810228_a8037308/?hub... GLBT and the equal marriage movement [Online] Available: http://www.psac.com/elections/ask_same_sex_marriage-e.htm Same-sex Marriages [Online] Available: http://www.canadawebpages.com/pc- editorial.asp?key=1415&editorPrimeKeyword=samesexmarriages...

Urban Problems and the Authors Who Revealed Them to Us

Around the 18th century, the industrial revolution began. This is when immigrants came and started to work in factories, not-so-good conditions. They worked in sorrowful rooms called sweatshops. There are some authors who were alive at the time and decided to investigate upon it. Others who were not alive at the time and they still were interested and were destined to research it. These authors were cordial to inform us the problems and vexations during that era. In this essay, I will be conducting, comparing and contrasting two books; ‘The jungle by Upton Sinclair†.And ‘How the other half lives† by Jacob Riis. How the Other Half Lives Imagine living in a dark, unlit tenement which is windowless and about 10 feet square. Photographers would come; a flash explodes, enlightening their impoverishment. Although the dimness of the room, a document of urban poverty is made. That is the way; Jacob Riis took pictures in lower Manhattan. This pioneering work of photojo urnalism by Jacob Riis focused on the plight of the poor in the Lower East Side, and greatly influenced future â€Å"muckraking† journalism.Riis mostly attributed the plight of the poor to environmental conditions, but he also divided the poor into two categories: deserving of assistance (mostly women and children) and undeserving (mostly the unemployed and intractably criminal). He wrote with prejudice about Jews, Italians, and Irish, and he stopped short of calling for government intervention. Still, the catalyst of his work was a genuine sympathy for his subjects, and his work shocked many New Yorkers.The Jungle Upton Sinclair was a desperately poor, young socialist hoping to remake the world when he settled down in a tarpaper shack in Princeton Township and penned his Great American Novel. Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to expose the appalling working conditions in the meat-packing industry. His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat shocked the public an d led to new federal food safety laws. Before the turn of the 20th century, a major reform movement had emerged in the United States.Known as progressives, the  reformers were reacting to problems caused by the rapid growth of factories and cities. Progressives at first concentrated on improving the lives of those living in slums and in getting rid of corruption in government. By the beginning of the new century, progressives had started to attack huge corporations like Standard Oil, U. S. Steel, and the Amour meat-packing company for their unjust practices. The progressives revealed how these companies eliminated competition, set high prices, and treated workers as â€Å"wage slaves. â€Å"

What are the Main Influences of Intelligence - 754 Words

The 20th and 21rst centuries have seen incredible and important developments within the framework of scientific understanding of Humanity. The exponential growth of specific scientific and biological knowledge over time has called for the creation of multiple fields of specialization regarding human architecture. Human beings are essentially composed of strains of nucleic acid that determines a person’s individual traits. Does this mean that one’s existence is only defined by one’s gene? Is biodiversity in humanity solely based on different genotypes and phenotypic variations, therefore giving no credit to non-genetic factors in proving successful human development? In fact, human intelligence is not solely influenced by heredity. Non-genetic factors, for example the environment, encompass not only the physical, chemical and biological principles of intelligence, but also the numerous social and psychological ones that shape healthy development. This essay will i nvestigate whether or not intelligence is fostered exclusively by genetic heritage or if nurturing and environmental factors play a role. Human intelligence is an enigma that continues to intrigue scientists around the world as it has done throughout the History of humanity. Scientists and psychologists have been debating the subject of nature versus nurture for centuries. Since 3005 B.C., philosophers like Plato and Aristotle expressed different views on the issue. Plato favoured the belief that knowledge andShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Human Intelligence1786 Words   |  7 PagesFactors affecting the human intelligence Factors affecting the human intelligence Nature and nurture play a significant role in determining the life of people with regard to their intelligence level. Intelligence is the unique way in which a person can be able to come into an understanding of problems mentally, respond to them and replicate the surrounding he exists. Human intelligence is determined by two main factors which have caused great debate for years. These two factors are the environmentalRead MoreIntelligence : Effects Of Genetics, Environment, And Outside Influences1428 Words   |  6 PagesDryer Teacher Vonda Ford English 6 5 February 2015 Intelligence: Effects of Genetics, Environment, and Outside Influences Many people often wonder what makes them who they are--what creates their identity. Part of a person’s identity is his or her ability to succeed in school, comprehend complex concepts, and invent creative ideas. This is intelligence--a complicated trait that involves and is affected by many different factors. A person’s intelligence is his or her general cognitive ability, includingRead More The IQ Debate Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesIntelligence can be defined in many different ways. This concept has been the focus of numerous studies and investigations by psychologists and other scientific experts. Intelligence can be the mental ability to reason, plan ahead, understand a wide range of complex issues and learn from past experiences (Gottfredson, 1997). Intelligence is the â€Å"resultant of the process of acquiring, storing in memory, retrieving, combining, comparing, and using in new contexts information and conceptual skills†Read MoreLimitless Movie662 Words   |  3 Pages1. The main characters progress or change throughout the film: Eddie Morra lives in New York, and is an author suffering from writers block. He is stressed by the approaching deadline for his book, and his girlfriend Lindy also stresses him, because of the frustrations gained by his lack of progress and financial dependence. Eddie randomly runs into his ex girlfriend’s brother, who is a successful man with a nice suit and obviously a lot of money. He introduces Eddie to this â€Å"legal† drug NZTRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership1107 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to manage one’s emotions in an intelligent manner such that they do not affect the decision-making process. It is also the ability to understand other people emotions, to know the reason for their behaviors and thus be able to communicate with them (Mayer, 2006). Emotional intelligence involves one’s proficiency in realizing and then being able to behaviors, moods and impulses and thus managingRead MoreFlawed Intelligence Is Not Easily Measured967 Words   |  4 PagesTorres Instructor Camielyn West MCWP 40 08 February 2016 Flawed Intelligence Intelligence is not easily measured; there are many factors that influence the way we determine whether or not someone is considered â€Å"intelligent†, and many more to rank who is more intelligent than others. James R. Flynn, in his piece â€Å"The Sociological Imagination, and Kevin Warwick, in his work â€Å"Into the Unknown, both share a common argument: intelligence is subjective; therefore, social and environmental context shouldRead MoreEmotional, Emotional And Emotional Intelligence1208 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional Intelligence Explained Emotional Intelligence is the capacity to assess, identify and influence the emotions of your own and everyone around you. For an example, a employee could be having difficulty understanding the task at hand instead the manager goes to the employee and identifies the misunderstanding and instead of letting the situation make everyone stress the manager instead reiterated what needs to be done in a simpler way so everyone is clearly aware and understands what to do.Read MoreIntelligence : Intelligence Data Collection Programs1632 Words   |  7 PagesIntelligence Data Collection Programs To effectively analyze programs, intentions and ideological motives of Hezbollah several collection programs of the five types could be utilized to gather intelligence on Hezbollah. Collected information must undergo further conversion before it reaches the analysis phase to be used against Hezbollah (Gay, 2005) First, Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) could be used to gather intelligence information from open sources such as websites, social media sources,Read MoreThe Power Of The Human Brain1278 Words   |  6 Pagescreate results, aspiration, and knowledge. As Swami Vivekananda said, â€Å"We are responsible for what we are and whatever we wish ourselves to be, we have the power to make ourselves.† The power of the human brain is what one wants it to be. Society expects a great deal from individuals, but this is only a motivator. The influence of society and personal experiences both cause people to gain further intelligence from power of one’s brain. Individuals must utilize the power of their own brain to furtherRead MoreEssay on personality766 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ How would Freud explain the personality differences between Mike and Marty Scanlon? According to Freud, the mind can be divided into two main parts: The conscious mind includes everything that we are aware of. This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about rationally. A part of this includes our memory, which is not always part of consciousness but can be retrieved easily at any time and brought into our awareness. Freud called this ordinary memory the preconscious